Last updated 2 weeks ago
Bitcoin lacks a trustless way to earn yield, leaving holders to choose between custodial wrapped bridges or opaque off-chain schemes, with no secure path for native BTC to participate in n-chain DeFi.
Bitcoin-Aware Plutus gives smart contracts authenticated BTC state, enabling trustless, non-custodial BTC yield strategies with outcomes enforced and verified on-chain.
Please provide your proposal title
Sundial’s Bitcoin-Aware Plutus Smart Contracts
Enter the amount of funding you are requesting in ADA
700000
Please specify how many months you expect your project to last
9
Please indicate if your proposal has been auto-translated
No
Original Language
en
What is the problem you want to solve?
Bitcoin lacks a trustless way to earn yield, leaving holders to choose between custodial wrapped bridges or opaque off-chain schemes, with no secure path for native BTC to participate in n-chain DeFi.
Supporting links
Does your project have any dependencies on other organizations, technical or otherwise?
Yes
Describe any dependencies or write 'No dependencies'
This project is deliberately structured to be low-dependency, high-impact, relying on well-understood Bitcoin and Cardano primitives while keeping all critical engineering work fully within Sundial’s control. The design avoids reliance on wrapped assets, external relayer networks, or bespoke multisig systems, ensuring that delivery is predictable and independent of third-party bottlenecks. Core Dependencies Sundial L2 environment The Bitcoin-aware Plutus extensions are developed and deployed directly within Sundial’s execution layer, which already aligns structurally with the UTxO model used by both Bitcoin and Cardano. Bitcoin full node / header verification pipeline Required for authenticated access to Bitcoin headers, Merkle proofs, and Taproot spend conditions. This relies on standard Bitcoin infrastructure and does not introduce new trust assumptions. Cardano Plutus execution semantics The design maintains compatibility with existing Plutus behavior. Consultation with members of the Plutus core development team may be sought where helpful to ensure conceptual consistency and future-proof interface design, but no direct dependency is introduced. Two Cardano DeFi protocols Selected during the research phase for pilot integrations to validate real-world developer workflows and demonstrate Bitcoin-driven logic in practice. Institutional interview participants Sundial’s existing institutional contacts and prospective BTC partners, who have agreed in principle to participate in research, feedback cycles, and pilot evaluations. Non-Dependencies No multisig custody The system relies solely on Bitcoin-native Taproot and UTxO primitives; no federated key management is required. No centralized relayers or external bridging networks Bitcoin state is consumed through directly authenticated proofs, removing reliance on trusted intermediaries. No third-party oracle dependence All Bitcoin data incorporated into Sundial is locally validated and deterministic.
Will your project's outputs be fully open source?
Yes
Please provide details on the intellectual property (IP) status of your project outputs, including whether they will be released as open source or retained under another licence.
All infrastructure outputs will be fully open-source under MIT licence, and available on Github.
Please choose the most relevant theme and tag related to the outcomes of your proposal
Smart Contracts
Describe your established collaborations.
Solv — Institutional BTC Yield Partner
Website: https://solv.finance/
Sundial is collaborating with Solv, a leading institutional BTC yield provider generating over $5M in annual revenue through structured Bitcoin yield products and institutional-grade on-chain financial instruments. Solv works with funds, desks, and professional allocators, and has a proven track record of secure, compliant BTC yield delivery.
Role in the Project:
Solv will serve as Sundial’s primary institutional validation partner for Bitcoin-aware Plutus logic, providing real-world BTC yield requirements, risk parameters, liquidation thresholds, and operational constraints. Their expertise in designing safe BTC yield strategies ensures that Sundial’s Bitcoin-Aware Plutus extension is aligned with what institutional allocators actually need.
Nature of Collaboration:
Solv’s involvement ensures Sundial’s BTC-aware interface is not theoretical—it is aligned with an active, revenue-generating institutional partner serving real BTC clients.
If required, further collaboration details can be provided confidentially to the Catalyst team.
Describe funding commitments.
Solv has committed non-financial but material support to this project through engineering involvement, institutional requirements mapping, and participation in pilot integrations. While no direct financial contribution is made to the Catalyst budget, Solv is committing:
This commitment is substantial and reflects Solv’s commercial interest in launching safe, non-custodial BTC yield strategies on Cardano through Sundial’s Bitcoin-aware Plutus interface.
Solv’s institutional engagement reduces risk, accelerates institutional adoption, and ensures the final output meets the standards of a yield provider with over $5M/year revenue.
Describe your key performance metrics.
To measure success, Sundial will track KPIs that directly reflect institutional readiness and the ability for Cardano DeFi to safely attract BTC capital:
Primary KPIs
3)Protocol Integration KPIs:
Context & Importance
These KPIs directly measure whether the project’s outputs can:
By anchoring metrics to institutional usage, integration success, and BTC flow readiness, the KPIs ensure this proposal delivers measurable value beyond technical implementation.
Please describe your proposed solution and how it addresses the problem
This project extends Sundial’s execution environment with a Bitcoin-aware Plutus interface that allows smart contracts to read authenticated Bitcoin state directly without multisig custody, federated nodes, centralized relayers, or external oracles.
The goal is to enable Plutus contracts to consume verified Bitcoin headers, Merkle proofs, Taproot spending conditions, and time-locked events as native inputs, allowing developers to write logic that reacts deterministically to Bitcoin activity.
By treating Bitcoin data as read-only state available inside Sundial’s Plutus engine, dApps gain the ability to trigger collateral actions, automate settlements, validate deposits, and execute conditional flows based solely on proven Bitcoin events. This approach integrates seamlessly with Sundial’s L2 architecture: the embedded Bitcoin verifier supplies state, and Plutus scripts treat it as a guaranteed, deterministic input. No changes are required to Bitcoin or Cardano itself, and all verification happens inside Sundial using well-defined interfaces.
To ensure compatibility, we design the extension so that existing Plutus semantics remain unchanged, while adding new data channels for externally verified Bitcoin facts. This prevents fragmentation and ensures that any Plutus contract - current or future - can operate on Bitcoin data without rewriting core logic. Developers can integrate BTC-aware operations by referencing structured state objects exposed as Plutus-level primitives.
The system enforces fully deterministic behavior: a Bitcoin event is either proven and available to Plutus or entirely excluded, with no intermediate or ambiguous states. For BTC depositors and institutional users, this guarantees that Sundial cannot invent Bitcoin activity or alter position outcomes, as every trigger originates from a locally verified header chain and authenticated proofs. This creates predictable behavior for users, preserves full self-custody for large BTC holders, and provides developers with a consistent, long-term interface for integrating Bitcoin-driven logic into DeFi strategies, lending flows, game mechanics, and settlement systems.
By propagating Bitcoin proofs directly into Plutus, Sundial becomes the first environment where native BTC can drive on-chain programmable logic without ever leaving the Bitcoin network, an essential requirement for high-value participants.
What We Will Build
Expressiveness Evaluation and Selection
Evaluate six Cardano DeFi protocols to map which types of Bitcoin-derived inputs (headers, timelocks, transaction proofs, spend conditions) directly enable or unlock new strategy types, identifying which data structures best fit existing and future use cases.
Unified and General Plutus Extensions
Design a backward-compatible extension of the Plutus execution environment that exposes Bitcoin-verified state as native read-only primitives while ensuring long-term compatibility with future Plutus versions and the overall Cardano execution model.
Development and Testing
Implement, integrate, and validate the Bitcoin-aware Plutus extensions within Sundial’s execution environment. This includes end-to-end testing of Bitcoin verification paths, Plutus-level data exposure, deterministic contract execution, and compatibility with existing DeFi patterns. The goal is to confirm correctness, performance, and developer usability under real network conditions.
Open Framework Release
Publish the full architecture, SDKs, documentation, and integration guides as an open framework. This enables other builders to adopt the same Bitcoin-aware Plutus model with minimal friction, ensuring reuse across the wider Cardano and UTxO developer ecosystem.
Institutional Research and User Interviews
Conduct structured interviews with large BTC holders, trading desks, and custody institutions to define acceptable risk, control boundaries, and required guarantees for Bitcoin-aware programmability.
Cardano Developer Interviews
Engage with Cardano DeFi teams, Plutus engineers, and infrastructure providers to identify developer expectations, preferred patterns, and pain points in integrating external data sources into Plutus-based systems.
This project delivers a Bitcoin-aware Plutus interface for Sundial, allowing dApps to read authenticated Bitcoin state directly and enabling programmable BTC-driven behavior without wrapping, custody, or trusted intermediaries.
For the Cardano DeFi ecosystem, this capability introduces authenticated access to Bitcoin activity and external UTxO-chain liquidity, enabling entirely new categories of cross-chain financial primitives while preserving existing Plutus semantics. By providing secure, deterministic, fully on-chain visibility into Bitcoin state, the design expands the expressive and economic scope of Cardano-native applications and opens the door to participation from large-scale BTC capital.
Please define the positive impact your project will have on the wider Cardano community
This project establishes the foundation for Bitcoin-integrated, institutionally acceptable DeFi on Cardano ecosystem, enabling smart contracts to operate on authenticated Bitcoin events without wrapped assets, custodial relayers, or multisig intermediaries. By introducing a predictable, verifiable interface between Bitcoin and Plutus, it equips Cardano DeFi with the technical assurances needed for high-value users and professional market participants to engage with on-chain strategies involving native BTC.
Today, Cardano DeFi is constrained by its isolation from external liquidity and the absence of reliable, verifiable cross-chain signal handling. By supplying deterministic Bitcoin state to Plutus contracts, this initiative removes those barriers and allows Cardano-based protocols to build new financial products driven by the largest pool of crypto capital.
The result is a step-change in Cardano’s expressive and economic capability, expanding its user base beyond typical DeFi participants to include allocators, vault designers, structured product desks, and institutional Bitcoin holders.
1. Enabling Bitcoin-Native Capital to Enter Cardano DeFi
Sundial’s verified-Bitcoin interface allows BTC holders to engage with Cardano-based financial logic while retaining full Bitcoin-layer custody. This lowers the operational and regulatory friction traditionally associated with cross-chain exposure and gives institutions a path to access Cardano’s smart contract ecosystem without onboarding synthetic assets or relying on custodial bridges. With authenticated Bitcoin data available directly to Plutus, Cardano becomes viable for BTC-backed strategies, allowing new capital to flow into lending markets, automated execution engines, or hedged yield structures with clear, on-chain auditability.
2. Expanding Cardano DeFi Into a Cross-Chain Product Platform
The framework transforms Cardano’s DeFi capabilities by allowing protocols to incorporate verifiable external state without redesigning their execution logic. This increases the range of financial behaviors Plutus contracts can express and enables the creation of new product categories that depend on Bitcoin activity, settlement conditions, or time-locked guarantees. Developers can innovate without constructing custom cross-chain bridges or oracle systems, accelerating experimentation and creating a richer ecosystem of financial products that reach beyond Cardano’s native liquidity base.
3. Streamlined User Experience With Deterministic State
For end users, Bitcoin-aware Plutus contracts unify multiple networks into a single, predictable execution model grounded in the determinism of the UTxO paradigm. Because both Bitcoin and Cardano use UTxO-based state machines, the system can expose proven Bitcoin events to Plutus in a form that behaves identically to native on-chain inputs. Users benefit from strict determinism: a Bitcoin event is either fully proven and available to a contract or omitted with no intermediate or uncertain states. This removes the ambiguity and race conditions typical of account-based cross-chain systems, reduces mental overhead for users, and eliminates reliance on probabilistic or stateful relayers. The result is a consistent interaction model where advanced users and institutions can trust settlement conditions and deploy more sophisticated strategies driven directly by authenticated Bitcoin-layer events.
4. Ecosystem-Wide Advantages
Because the design is modular and reusable, Cardano protocols can adopt the Bitcoin-aware model with minimal adaptation. This expands the economic surface area of the ecosystem:
This initiative strengthens Cardano’s position as a cross-chain execution environment capable of supporting high-value financial logic while preserving decentralization and security.
5. Long-Term Strategic Value
The project delivers lasting benefits beyond the initial implementation. As the interface becomes widely adopted:
The result is a sustainable expansion of Cardano’s economic landscape, driven by native BTC participation and an execution environment capable of supporting long-term institutional adoption.
What is your capability to deliver your project with high levels of trust and accountability? How do you intend to validate if your approach is feasible?
Team Strength & Experience
This project is delivered by Sundial (https://www.linkedin.com/company/sundial-protocol - founded by https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheldonhunt),,) an experienced engineering team with deep specialization across Cardano’s eUTxO model, optimistic rollup architecture, Bitcoin network internals, and the Plutus execution environment. The team has spent years designing UTxO-native scaling systems, cross-chain verification mechanisms, and non-custodial liquidity frameworks, giving them the technical breadth required to implement Bitcoin-aware Plutus functionality with rigor and precision. Sundial’s work focuses on bridging Bitcoin and Cardano without wrapped assets, trusted relayers, or multisigs - aligning perfectly with the requirements of this proposal.
Sundial’s Role
Sundial is developing an L2 architecture designed to bring Bitcoin-native liquidity into Cardano through trust-minimized, UTxO-based mechanisms, enabling BTC to participate in DeFi while remaining fully self-custodied on Bitcoin.
The team is already implementing core components needed for institutional BTC strategies - authenticated header-chain tracking, Taproot-based spending logic, UTxO-level event extraction, and deterministic settlement flows. These capabilities provide the technical base for secure BTC-backed operations without wrapped assets or custodial intermediaries.
This proposal builds directly on that foundation by extending Sundial’s Bitcoin-state infrastructure from partner-specific yield strategies to a general-purpose interface available to all Cardano DeFi protocols. Instead of serving isolated institutional flows, authenticated Bitcoin events become standardized, deterministic inputs that any protocol can integrate - enabling lending platforms, structured vaults, trading systems, and future UTxO-native applications to incorporate real Bitcoin activity safely and predictably.
As part of the project, Sundial will lead institutional research, define the cross-chain architecture for Bitcoin-aware execution, integrate the new capabilities into its L2 environment, and deliver full documentation and validation.
Because Sundial already works directly with institutional BTC holders, the design remains grounded in real operational and security requirements, ensuring the resulting system is both technically sound and aligned with the needs of high-value participants while unlocking ecosystem-wide BTC programmability for Cardano.
Technology Foundation
The proposal leverages a strong alignment between Bitcoin’s UTxO model and Cardano’s eUTxO model, giving this project a natural structural advantage:
This compatibility makes exposing authenticated Bitcoin events to Plutus a natural extension of the system rather than a major architectural shift.
Feasibility & Validation Approach
To ensure reliable delivery, the project follows a staged and verifiable development plan:
Grounded Research
Collaborative Design
Incremental Implementation
Testing & Validation
Mainnet Launch
Track Record & Ecosystem Commitment
The Sundial team participates actively in Cardano’s technical ecosystem and delivers foundational components for L2 scaling, UTxO-based bridging, and modular verification systems. Its work emphasizes open, reusable infrastructure that benefits DeFi protocols, institutions, and developers alike. This combination of technical capability, institutional access, and ecosystem alignment ensures the project can be executed efficiently and with measurable impact for Cardano’s long-term growth.
Milestone Title
Institutional Research & Requirements Mapping
Milestone Outputs
Acceptance Criteria
Evidence of Completion
Delivery Month
2
Cost
70000
Progress
10 %
Milestone Title
Cross-Chain Execution & Interface Design
Milestone Outputs
Acceptance Criteria
Evidence of Completion
Delivery Month
3
Cost
105000
Progress
30 %
Milestone Title
Bitcoin Primitive Integration & Internal Prototyping
Milestone Outputs
Acceptance Criteria
Evidence of Completion
Delivery Month
6
Cost
210000
Progress
60 %
Milestone Title
Pilot Protocol Integrations
Milestone Outputs
Acceptance Criteria
Evidence of Completion
Delivery Month
7
Cost
70000
Progress
70 %
Milestone Title
Comprehensive Testing & Ecosystem Review
Milestone Outputs
Acceptance Criteria
Evidence of Completion
Delivery Month
8
Cost
140000
Progress
90 %
Milestone Title
Mainnet Release & Public Integration Framework
Milestone Outputs
Acceptance Criteria
Evidence of Completion
Delivery Month
9
Cost
70000
Progress
100 %
Please provide a cost breakdown of the proposed work and resources
Milestone 1: Institutional Research & Requirements Mapping (Month 2)
Budget: 70,000 ADA
Bitcoin–Plutus Requirements Analysis : 10,000 ADA
Milestone 2: Cross-Chain Execution & Interface Design (Month 4)
Milestone 3: Bitcoin Primitive Integration & Internal Prototyping (Month 6)
Budget: 210,000 ADA
Milestone 4: Pilot Protocol Integrations (Month 7)
Budget: 70,000 ADA
Milestone 5: Comprehensive Testing, Security Audit & Ecosystem Review (Month 8)
Budget: 140,000 ADA
Milestone 6: Mainnet Release & Public Integration Framework (Month 9)
Budget: 70,000 ADA
How does the cost of the project represent value for the Cardano ecosystem?
The proposal concentrates resources on concrete, high-leverage outcomes that meaningfully expand Cardano’s DeFi capabilities:
With clear milestones, deliverables, and institutional alignment, the project delivers measurable progress while maximizing the impact of the requested budget.
I confirm that the lead applicant is a verified legal business entity.
Yes
I confirm that the lead org has a ≥2-year track record, and the consortium collectively has ≥$5M in verifiable annual revenue.
Yes
I confirm that evidence of collaboration with a qualified Tier-1 enterprise is provided.
Yes
I confirm that the proposer and all team members are in good standing with prior Catalyst projects.
Yes
I confirm that the proposal is for mature R&D or integration, not an early-stage concept or core infrastructure.
Yes
I confirm that evidence of a mature product is provided, with a clear integration plan if not already on Cardano.
Yes
I confirm that all key partners, including the Tier-1 collaborator, are clearly identified.
Yes
I confirm that a clear statement of the partner's in-kind or financial contributions is included.
Yes
I confirm that the proposal provides verifiable references (e.g., LinkedIn, portfolio) for key team members.
Yes
I confirm that the proposal includes clear KPIs for adoption (e.g., transaction volume, user growth). Forecast for projected on-chain transaction volume is provided with adequate justification.
Yes
I confirm that delivery is ≤ 12 months with clear milestones.
Yes
I confirm that the proposal includes a co-marketing or community engagement plan to amplify Cardano's visibility.
Yes
I confirm that the proposal budget is for future work only, not for completed tasks. No incentives, giveaways, private treasuries and regranting are included in the budget.
Yes
I Agree
Yes
This proposal is led by Sundial, with selective involvement from experienced Cardano ecosystem contributors as needed. Sundial delivers the core research, cross-chain architectural work, Bitcoin primitive integration, Plutus execution-layer extensions, prototype development, and mainnet deployment.
Some protocol-specific integration tasks may be subcontracted to trusted Cardano developers once pilot protocols are chosen in Milestone 1.
Sundial has extensive experience in UTxO architecture, L2 rollup design, Bitcoin interoperability, and deterministic smart contract systems. This provides the required foundation to safely extend Plutus applications with authenticated Bitcoin state.
Sundial
Role: Lead Applicant, Research, Engineering & Delivery
Team Lead: Sheldon Hunt
Contributors: Sundial’s core architecture, engineering, and product teams.
Plutus Contributors (Consultative Role During Milestone 2)
During Milestone 2, the project will include consultations with members of the Plutus core development community:
These contributors are not a dependency for delivery; rather, they serve as an expert sounding board to ensure the interface is future-proof and ecosystem-aligned.
External Contributors (Contracted as Needed)
Once the two pilot Cardano DeFi protocols are selected, certain tasks may be subcontracted to ecosystem developers already familiar with those protocols:
Contracted contributors will be chosen for their familiarity with the specific DeFi architectures involved, ensuring efficient and reliable execution without unnecessary onboarding overhead.
No additional vendors or external systems are required. Sundial maintains full control over design, implementation, testing, and deployment.